Out of office after 1936, Laval in 1939 was an advocate of peace at any price. . (October 16, 2020). Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Considered far too willing to collaborate by his fellow ministers, he was ousted from power in a palace revolt on Dec. 13, 1940. Escaping his captors, he was found by the Americans in Austria and handed over to the French. World Encyclopedia. ." OCCUPATION Coauthor of the abortive Hoare-Laval Agreement, which was meant to appease Mussolini at the expense of Abyssinia, he was overthrown when the British Cabinet repudiated the arrangement. Brought down after a year in office over a question of fiscal policy, he served as prime minister once more from June 1935 to January 1936. □. Saint-Pierre-Laval is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/laval-pierre. Chambrun, Rene de, Pierre Laval: traitor or patriot?, New York: Scribner, 1984. In 1926 Laval was elected to the Senate and continued his movement to the right. Pierre Laval was shot to-day at 12.32 after a vain attempt to poison himself had delayed his execution. "Laval, Pierre At his request his eyes were not bandaged, but he was not allowed to give the order to fire. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. [Laval had been Vichy prime minister, detested notably for a scheme by which one French prisoner of war was released for every three French skilled workers sent to work in Germany. Sensing that Caillaux's views were increasingly unpopular, Laval adeptly switched sides in 1917. Henri Philippe Pétain During World War I Laval first demonstrated the extreme ideological flexibility that marked his entire career. Pierre Laval is one of the most intensely controversial figures in recent French history. Aligned for 2 years with Joseph Caillaux, who advocated a negotiated peace with Germany, Laval was known as a defeatist. . (October 16, 2020). Officially remaining a Socialist and an admirer of Lenin in the early 1920s, he abandoned his party shortly before the elections of 1924 and reentered the Chamber as an independent leftist. When this morning at 8.45am, Mornet, the Procurator General, came to him to inform him that he was to be executed at 9.30, Laval was lying in bed. Saint-Pierre-Laval is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. german unificati…, Henri Philippe Pétain He was later tried for treason and >executed. bismarck as diplomat A letter by his bedside ran as follows: To my advocates - for their information: to my executioners - for their shame. [Laval had been Vichy prime minister, detested notably for a … Turning to the soldiers he said, "I pity you for having to execute this crime. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Laval remained out of office until April 1942, when Berlin pressured Pétain into restoring him to power. The French politician Pierre Laval (1883-1945) served as chief minister in the World War II Vichy regime. Instead he had an instrumental view of French national interest and, because he was convinced of the finality of German victory, that necessarily meant collaboration. . bismarck as prussian minister-president https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/laval-pierre, "Laval, Pierre The French general and statesman Henri Philippe Pétain (1856-1951), a military hero in World War I, heade…, Edouard Balladur From this perspective Laval may be seen as much the prisoner of his own narrow political opportunism as he was the captive of his German sponsors. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. and sentenced to death, and Charles De Gaulle personally refused him a new trial. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Aim at my heart. Laval put on one of the white ties which he had worn for years and wrapped the Tricolour scarf round his neck. In any case, although so closely identified with the Vichy regime, Laval loathed the cultist idolatry of Pétain and scorned the high-flown emptiness of the National Revolution. After the fall of France in June 1940, he joined the government of Marshal Philippe Pétain as the chief minister. ." 16 Oct. 2020 . Edouard Balladur (born 1929) took the leadership of the French Government in March 1993, after a long career in civil service and, b…, NATIONALITY AND ETHNICITY Nearly escaping Gaullist justice by swallowing poison, Laval was revived by a team of frantic doctors and a few hours later was executed by firing squad, on Oct. 15, 1945. Raymond Poincaré Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. He had in fact drunk from a bottle of cyanide of potassium which he still held, but in his hurry he had not drained the bottle and had not shaken it before drinking. . Long live France!" His detractors portray him as the archvillain of wartime France who sold his countrymen to the Nazis. BISMARCK, OTTO VON © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Laval was convicted ." . In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. When his advocates told him last night that General de Gaulle would not commute the sentence or the Minister of Justice order a retrial, Laval had been composed and cheerful. While Laval was being restored to the degree of consciousness required by French law for a man to be executed, the firing squad was brought from the Fort of Chatillon, where the execution was originally to have taken place, to the prison at Fresnes. World Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia.com. Laval responded by accentuating his collaborationism and said that he "hoped for a German victory to avoid the Bolshevization of Europe.". Without replying, he put his head under the blankets. "Laval, Pierre I wish to be buried with the Tricolour scarf round my neck. Soon he clamored for the return to power of the ultranationalist Georges Clemenceau, who became prime minister in November 1917 and immediately jailed Caillaux. Instrumental in securing parliamentary ratification of the armistice terms and the granting of full constituent powers to Pétain, Laval during the last 6 months of 1940 urged that France must accept the fact of German victory and through collaboration find its rightful place in Hitler's "New Order." BIBLIOGRAPHY There is no good study of him in any language. Before 1940 Laval had his greatest impact on French foreign policy. The American authorities immediately arrested Laval and his wife and turned them over to the Free French. He was already losing consciousness. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia.com. ." Engaged massively against the Soviet Union, the Germans also knew that a frankly collaborationist regime in France under Laval guaranteed their security in the west. Realizing in the summer of 1944 that the end was near, Laval sought to call a national assembly at Paris to deal with the new situation. POST-SOVIET DEVELOPMENTS Four times foreign minister during 1932-1936, he steadfastly sought accommodation with Mussolini's Italy against resurgent Germany. Madame Laval was later released; Pierre Laval remained in prison to be tried as a … Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. France, Laval argued, could not survive the ordeal of another war. Laval was momentarily damaged politically by his association with Caillaux and was defeated for reelection in 1919. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Laval states his own case in The Diary of Pierre Laval (1948). There may be partial truth in both views. Pierre Laval was born on June 28, 1883, the son of a café owner at Châteldon. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Often a minister in the late 1920s, he became premier for the first time in January 1931. They were flown to Paris to be imprisoned at Fresnes Prison. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. That in the end he miscalculated may then be due to the fact that the politics he had learned in the sovereign Third Republic were irrelevant to the satellite status of France after June 1940. My last thought is for France. ." "Pierre Laval Intended to save his own skin as well, the maneuver was too little too late, and in the middle of the month he was ignominiously carried off in the baggage of the retreating Germans. There is an interesting psychoanalytic treatment of the man in David Abrahamsen, Men, Mind and Power (1945). Laval's trial for treason by the provisional government of Charles De Gaulle began at Paris on Oct. 4, 1945. I die because I loved my country too much. Encyclopedia of World Biography. This page was last edited on 20 January 2020, at 10:40. The French statesman Raymond Poincaré (1860-1934) served as president of France during World War I and four times as its premier. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html.

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